Marka aan ka hadalno warshadaha baabuurta Jarmalka, waxyaabaha ugu horreeya ee maskaxda ku soo dhaca waa waxqabadka wadista BMW, raaxada Mercedes{0}Benz, iyo cimri dhererka Volkswagen. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dad yar ayaa fiiro gaar ah u leh "geesiyaasha dhabarka dambe" ee taageera tayadan - fiilooyinka baabuurta. Haddii mishiinku yahay "wadnaha" baabuurka, markaa fiilooyinka baabuurta ayaa ah "mararka" iyo "dareemaha" jirka oo dhan. Iyo khadadka baabuurta caadiga ah ee Jarmalka (khadadka caadiga ah ee Jarmalka) waxay leeyihiin, oo leh ku dhawaad " caqli-gal farsamo ", waxay noqdeen "lacagta adag" ee baabuurta caalamiga ah ay ku tartamayaan inay qaataan. Maanta, aan daaha ka qaadno sirta tayada leh.
1.Beyond "Heerarka Kulanka" : Sidee buu heerka Jarmalku u qeexay tayada "Ka baxsan Manhajka"?
Dhinaca wax soo saarka warshadaha, "heerarka" inta badan waa xariiqda hoose. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, macquulka ah ee khadka Jarmal Standard Automotive Line waa in loo rogo heerarka "saqafyada". Farqiga u dhexeeya fikradaha waxa si cad loogu muujin karaa qawaaniintiisa tilmaamayaasha asaasiga ah.
Tusaale ahaan u soo qaad walxaha kirishbooyada. Heerarka caalamiga ah wuxuu u baahan yahay nadiifinta naxaasta ee loo isticmaalo xadhkaha baabuurta inuu ahaado 99.9%, halka heerka Jarmalku uu si toos ah kor ugu qaadayo 99.95% ee naxaasta korantada ee saafiga ah- Ha dhayalsan korodhkan 0.05%. Waxay kordhin kartaa conductivity ee fiilada 3% waxayna yareyn kartaa caabbinta 5%. Tani ma aha oo kaliya inay yarayso tamarta luminta, laakiin sidoo kale waxay hoos u dhigtaa khatarta dabka ee uu keeno kulaylka. Waxa ka sii muhiimsan, halbeegga Jarmalku waxa kale oo uu u baahan yahay kirishbooyada inay adeegsadaan "labo-laabasho + labalaabma-rogid" -habka maroojinta lakabka. Habkani wuxuu kordhin karaa dabacsanaanta fiilada 40%. Qaybo ka mid ah gawaarida gariirada soo noqnoqda, nolosha adeegga waxaa lagu kordhiyaa wax ka badan laba jeer marka loo eego fiilooyinka caadiga ah.
Naqshadeynta lakabka daboolka ayaa sii muujinaya "fekerka la safeeyey" ee heerka Jarmalka. Marka loo eego kala duwanaanshaha deegaanka ee qaybaha kala duwan ee baabuurka, heerka Jarmalku wuxuu u qaybiyay 12 nooc oo ah qaababka walxaha dahaarka: lakabka caagga ah ee silikoon ee qaybta mashiinka, kaas oo u adkeysan kara heerkulka sare ee degdega ah inta lagu jiro bilawga engine; Qalabka PVC ee aagga albaabka, kaas oo aan dillaacin xitaa 100,000 jeer ka dib furitaanka albaabka iyo xidhitaanka imtixaanada foorarsiga; ololka-iskutallaabta dib u celinta-ku xidhay walxaha polyetylenka ee u dhow haanta shidaalka, kaas oo ku bakhtimi kara 3 ilbiriqsi gudahood marka uu dabka gaadho. Heerkan la habeeyey ee "hal qaacido ee hal qayb" ayaa aad uga badan shuruudaha "guud-ujeedada" dalal badan.
2.From Laboratory to Road: The "Imtixaan aad u daran" ee Jarmal Standard fiilooyinka baabuurta
Feejignaanta injineerada Jarmalka ayaa si cad loogu muujiyay habka tijaabada ee khadka baabuurta. Waxay aaminsan yihiin in "khadka baabuurta ee u qalma ay tahay inuu awood u yeesho inuu u adkaysto dhammaan xaaladaha ba'an inta lagu jiro wareegga nolosha baabuurka." Sababtan awgeed, Debiao waxay dejisay nidaam tijaabo ah oo laba geesood ah oo daboolaya "deegaano aad u daran + xaalado shaqo oo aad u daran", iyo waxyaabo badan oo tijaabo ah ayaa xitaa warshaduhu ugu yeeraan "qiimeyn heer aan caadi ahayn".
Qolka tijaabada deegaanka, fiilooyinka baabuurta waxay ku xiran yihiin saameyn wareeg ah "-40 darajo qabow daran →80 darajo heerkul sare →95% qoyaan sare", oo leh 10 wareeg maalintii 30 maalmood oo isku xigta. Lakabka dahaarka waa inuusan muujin wax dillaac ah ama dillaacsan. Tijaabada daalka farsamada, fiilooyinka waxa lagu dhejiyaa kursiga tijaabada ee u dhigma gariirka chassis-ka waxaana lagu gariiraa inta jeer ee 300 jeer daqiiqadii. Kadib 500 saacadood oo tijaabo joogto ah, heerka jebinta kirishbooyada waa in aanu dhaafin 0.1%. Tijaabada adagi waa "tijaabada daxalka kiimikada". Dareeraha tijaabada ayaa si toos ah u isticmaala isku dhafka saliida injiinka, dareeraha biriiga iyo barafka ka hortagta baabuurta. Ka dib markii fiilooyinka lagu dhex geliyo 1,000 saacadood, hoos u dhigista caabbinta dahaarka waa in aanay ka badnayn 10%.
Iyada oo laga jawaabayo kororka baabuurta tamarta cusub, heerka Jarmalku wuxuu si gaar ah ugu daray "tijaabada garaaca garaaca wadnaha sare". Xadhkaha fiilooyinka korantada ee sarreeya-, waa inay u adkaystaan 10 10kV sare-saamaynta garaaca garaaca wadnaha hal daqiiqo gudaheed, lakabka dahaarkana waa in aan la daloolin. Heerarkan tijaabada ahi waxa uu si toos ah wax uga qabanayaa dhibcooyinka xanuunka badqabka korantada ee sare{6}} ee baabuurta tamarta cusub sidoo kale waxa uu heerka Jarmal ka dhigay mid sare -xadhkaha korantada ee xidhidhiyaha doorasho muhiim u ah soosaarayaasha baabuurta tamarta cusub sida Tesla iyo BYD.
3.The "doorashada macquulka ah" ee Global automakers: Waa maxay sababta ay tahay in la isticmaalo heerarka Jarmal?
Maalmahan
Ma aha oo kaliya summadaha baabuurta Jarmalka sida Volkswagen, BMW iyo Mercedes{0}Benz waxay bixiyaan baabuurta summada Jarmalka sida qalabka caadiga ah, laakiin sidoo kale soosaarayaasha baabuurta ee adduunka oo dhan sida Toyota, Ford iyo Hyundai waxay qaateen badeecadaha summada Jarmalka ee moodooyinka ugu sarreeya{1}. Tan waxaa ka danbeysa tixgalinta saxda ah ee soosaarayaasha baabuurta ee "qiimaha wareegga nolosha oo dhan".
Muujinta xogta
Qaabka isticmaalaya fiilooyinka baabuurta caadiga ah ee Jarmalka waxa uu leeyahay hoos u dhac ku yimi nidaamka korantada oo 60% ka hooseeya kan moodooyinka isticmaalaya fiilooyinka caadiga ah. Warshadaha baabuurta, celceliska kharashka ka dambeeya{2}} dayactirka iibka hal nidaam koronto oo guuldarraystay waa 2,000 yuan, iyo celcelis ahaan, nidaamka koronto la'aanta waxay dhacdaa 3 ilaa 5 jeer inta lagu jiro wareegga nolosha ee gaadhigu. Soo saaraha baabuurta leh mugga iibka sannadlaha ah ee 1 milyan unug, adoo isticmaalaya fiilooyinka baabuurta caadiga ah ee Jarmalka, waxay kaydin kartaa ilaa dhawr boqol oo milyan yuan oo boosto ah{9}}kharashka iibka sannadkii.
Waxaas oo dhan ka sarreeya
"Iswaafajinta" heerarka Jarmalku waxay siisay ku habboonaanta baabuurta. Tilmaamaha is dhexgalka iyo calamadaha midabka ee fiilooyinka baabuurta caadiga ah ee Jarmalka (sida lebbiska orange-ka ee fiilooyinkooda sare{1}}iyo madow ee fiilooyinka dhulka la dhigo) dhamaantood waxay noqdeen halbeegyada warshadaha caadiga ah. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in fiilooyinka caadiga ah ee Jarmalka ay soo saaraan alaab-qeybiyeyaal kala duwan lagu bedeli karo doonistooda, kuwa soo saarayaasha baabuurtana uma baahna inay maalgashadaan kharashyada R&D dheeraad ah si ay ula qabsadaan badeecadaha kala duwan. Isku dhafkan "standardization + waafaqsanaanta" ayaa ka dhigtay khadka caadiga ah ee jarmalka "luqada caalamiga ah" ee silsiladda sahayda baabuurta caalamiga ah.
4.Mustaqbalku waa halkan: Sidee buu Heerarka Jarmalku ula qabsan karaa Baahida Cusub ee Gawaadhida Casriga ah?
Iyada oo la horumarinayo teknoolojiyadda isku xirka garaadka iyo wadista garaadka, doorka khadadka gawaarida ayaa ka soo baxaya "gudbiyaasha calaamadaha" ilaa "xarumaha gudbinta xogta". Si loo daboolo baahida tobanaan gigabytes ee gudbinta xogta baabuurta ilbiriqsi kasta, heerarka Jarmalku waxay qaadeen hogaanka bilawga cilmi baarista iyo horumarinta jiilka cusub ee heerarka khadka baabuurta.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, DIN (Machadka Jaangooyeynta Jarmalku) waxa uu soo saaray qabyo ah heerka DIN/TS 70113, kaas oo soo jeedinaya "xadhkaha + fiber optic" qaabdhismeedka isku dhafan ee shuruudaha gudbinta xogta xawaaraha sare - ee baabuurta caqliga leh. Xadhkaha isku dhafan kaliya ma gudbin karo calaamadaha awooda dhaqameed laakiin sidoo kale waxay gaari karaan gudbinta xogta xawaaraha sare ee gaadiidka Ethernet iyada oo loo marayo dhismaha- fiber optic, oo leh xadiga gudbinta ilaa 10 Gbps, buuxinaya shuruudaha gudbinta xogta dareenka L4- heerka wadida garashada. Isla mar ahaantaana, heerka cusub wuxuu sidoo kale ku darayaa shuruudaha "gaashaamo elektaroonigga ah", iyada oo loo marayo aluminium aluminium laba-lakab ah + qaab dhismeedka gaashaanka saafiga ah, heerka attenuation ee faragelinta korantada ayaa kordhay ilaa 99.9%, ka fogaanshaha gudbinta xogta waxaa farageliya qalabka sida matoorada iyo raadaarada.
Laga soo bilaabo baabuurta caadiga ah ee shidaalka ilaa baabuurta tamarta cusub, laga bilaabo wadista caadiga ah ilaa wadista caqliga leh, khadka baabuurta caanka ah ee Jarmalka ayaa had iyo jeer hogaaminaya jihada farsamada ee warshadaha. Guusheeda kaliya maahan raadinta ugu dambeysa ee tayada, laakiin sidoo kale saadaasha saxda ah ee isbeddellada warshadaha. Waxaa laga yaabaa in kani yahay tartanka dhabta ah ee dhabta ah ee "Waxsoosaarka Jarmalka" - oo aan u hoggaansamin heerarka adag, laakiin si joogto ah u qeexaya heerar cusub.
